Sustainable Agricultural Strategies to Improve the Quality and Yield of Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.): Integrating Pruning and Nanotechnology.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56286/NTU-JAVS.2026.6.3.348-355Keywords:
Copper, Green Pods, Broad Bean, Vicia faba L., Cultivars, Apical Pinching, Nano-fertilizer, Pod yield..Abstract
An experiment was conducted in 2021 at the private field of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, University of Mosul, to evaluate the influence of different bean-sprout cultivars, top-bud pinching, and copper nano-fertilizer concentrations on plant growth. The study employed three bean varieties (Spanish, American, Dutch) using two methods (pruning or not), a control treatment, and three copper nano-fertilizer concentrations (0, 1, 1.5 mg L-1) within a factorial, split-plot design arranged in a completely randomized block design. The main plots were allocated to the pruning versus non-pruning treatments, while the sub-plots encompassed the varying concentrations of copper nano-fertilizers.
Results indicated that the Dutch variety at 1.5 mg L-1 exhibited a statistically significant superiority in the number of pods per plant, reaching 34.24 pods per plant. The Spanish variety at 1.5 mg L-1 demonstrated a significant advantage in spike length, measuring 30.35 cm, and the American variety at 1.5 mg L-1 achieved a head weight of 50.89 g. In terms of pod yield per plant, the highest value reached 1,244.9 g per plant, observed with the American variety under pruning and the highest copper concentration of 1.5 mg L-1. The Dutch variety did not record significant values relative to the other varieties under the control treatment. Concentrations of copper nano-fertilizer at 1 and 1.5 mg L-1 influenced yield components and other related traits more markedly than the control treatment.
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