Comparison Between the Infection with Canine Coronavirus and Canine Parvovirus in Dogs Using Sandwich Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56727/NTU-JAVS.2026.6.2.209-216Keywords:
Canine coronavirus, Canine parvovirus, Rapid diagnostic test, Risk factors, Prevalence, IraqAbstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of canine enteric coronavirus (CECoV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) among symptomatic dogs in the Nineveh Governorate, Iraq. A total of 100 dogs presenting with gastrointestinal signs, representing various ages, sexes, and breeds, were included across different regions. From each animal, duplicate rectal swabs were obtained and analyzed for CECoV and CPV antigens using a sandwich lateral flow immunochromatographic assay. CECoV was detected in 43% of dogs, while 29% tested positive for CPV; 28% were negative for both viruses, and no co-infections were observed. Although stray dogs had a higher infection rate than household dogs, the difference was not statistically significant. Likewise, female dogs exhibited marginally higher positivity rates compared to males, but this difference was also not significant. Age-based analysis revealed the highest infection prevalence among dogs less than one year old, which was statistically significant compared to older groups (p<0.05), whereas dogs over two years old had the lowest rates. In terms of breeds, large-breed dogs and local (native) breeds showed the highest susceptibility, particularly for CECoV, in contrast to lower rates among small and imported breeds. These findings indicate that CECoV is a notable enteric pathogen in this region, predominantly affecting young, local, and large-breed dogs. The absence of mixed CECoV and CPV infections, along with the highlighted demographic risk factors, underlines the importance of targeted surveillance, prompt diagnosis, and enhanced vaccination strategies among high-risk canine populations to control the spread and impact of enteric viral diseases.
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