Lethal Effect of Various Concentrations of Four Types of Plant Oils on the Life Stages of the Southern Cowpea Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56286/hqqhe519Keywords:
Toxic effect, plant oils, southern cowpea beetleAbstract
The current study investigated the effect of rearing the southern cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, on chickpea seeds treated with different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5%) of plant-derived oils, including thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), peppermint (Mentha spicata), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). The oil treatments also led to a significant reduction in percentage of egg hatching, dropping to 42.20% and 50.00% in the lavender and peppermint oil treatments, respectively, at 5% concentration, compared to 94.61% in the control . This prolonged development period led to a significant increase in larval mortality, reaching 100% at 2.5% and 5% concentrations in the peppermint oil treatment, compared to 5.89% in the control treatment. As a result of these effects, the number of emerged adult insects was notably reduced. The lowest number of emerged insects was 2.67 and 4.67 in the lavender and peppermint oil treatments at 5% and 1% concentrations, respectively, compared to 39.33 insects in the control treatment. The study also examined the potential transmission of oil treatment effects to the fertility of emerged females. The number of eggs laid by females was significantly reduced to 5.3 and 7.33 eggs per female in the peppermint oil treatment at 0.5% and 1% concentrations, respectively, compared to 57.33 eggs per female in the control treatment. Egg hatching percentage significantly decreased to 29.99% at 5% concentration in the lavender oil treatment and 37.33% at 1% concentration in the peppermint oil treatment. These values differed significantly from the control treatment, where the hatching percentage was 88.12%. The study also calculated the egg retention index (or oviposition inhibition index), which increased with higher oil concentrations. The highest retention percentages were recorded at 77.27% and 82.93% in the peppermint oil treatment at 0.5% and 1% concentrations, respectively, showing significant differences from most other treatments.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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