Relationship between Multidrug Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burn wound Patients

Abstract

          Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common nosocomial pathogenic bacterium found in hospitals and burn clinics, and it is a major contributor to illness and death. The study was aimed to investigate the correlations among antibiotic resistance, pigment synthesis, and biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. One hundred eighty samples were gathered from burn wound patients at Azadi Teaching Hospitals/Burn Center, only 48 isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from various sources of burn. A microtiter plate approach is utilized for detecting biofilm. In the present findings, the bacteria were most prevalent in flame burns, followed by hot liquid burns, gas explosions, and electrical burns, with percentages of 41.7%, 35.4%, 16.7%, and 6.2% correspondingly. Pyoverdine and pyocyanin are more frequently seen on Cetrimide agar compared to other pigments. Antibiotic resistance rates varied across different antibiotics: Piperacillin (83.3%), Aztreonam (79.2%), Ceftazidim and Cefepim (62.5%), and Amikacin (52.1%). Levofloxacin, Gentamicin, and Tobramycin showed moderate resistance rates of 41.7%, 37.5%, and 35.4% respectively, however Imipenem and Ciprofloxacin exhibited minimal resistance and are considered the most effective medications against P. aeruginosa and 33.3% of isolates were positive for ESBL. P. aeruginosa identified 95.8% of isolates as biofilm producers, with 33.3% classified as strong producers, 45.8% as moderate producers, 16.7% as weak producers, and 4.2% as non-producers. An examination of the susceptibility pattern of biofilm-forming bacterial isolates revealed that 82.6% of them were multi-drug resistant (MDR). In conclution  P. aeruginosa demonstrates a strong propensity for biofilm formation, pigment production and exhibits a significant correlation with MDR